Describes a study that estimated earnings functions separately for males and females within a large enterprise in the United Kingdom in order to evaluate the impact of sex discrimination on salary differences compared to the impact of other differences in employee characteristics. Available from: Cambridge University Press, 32 East 57th Street,…

Comparison of 38 business studies graduates in a four-year sandwich program (with one-year job placement) and 23 with a two-year diploma, one-year conversion to bachelor's program showed that sandwich graduates were more successful in job placement and salary. The conversion group were disadvantaged by lack of work experience and lower academic…

Uses a survey of (British) college graduates from two cohort years (1985 and 1990) to examine determinants of overeducation (mismatch for jobs requiring degrees). Cross-sectional measures of mismatch obscure significant changes for individuals over time. Job satisfaction and earnings are significantly adversely affected by mismatch. (23…

Considers overeducation in the context of the UK labor market, using a one in six sample of 1980 UK college graduates surveyed in 1986. Fully 38 percent of graduates were overeducated for their first job; 6 years later, 30 percent were overeducated and earned less than peers in graduate-level jobs. (Contains 26 references.) (MLH)

British survey data from 3,733 on-time graduates and 841 mature graduates (first degree after age 25) showed that lower pay for mature graduates was linked with social class, institution attended, and public sector employment. The public sector was less likely to discriminate against mature graduates. (SK)

Assesses the extent of the following types of structural unemployment in the United Kingdom: technological change, skills mismatch, geographical mismatch, demographic shifts, institutional rigidity, unemployability, and capital restructuring. Concludes that measurement is difficult and the types create segmented labor markets that obstruct the…

Reestimates the P-test in the United Kingdom, correcting for the possible endogeneity of employment sector. Results do not support the strong screening hypothesis. After accounting for selectivity bias regarding choice of employment sector, the rate of return for the private sector is still higher than for the public sector. In 1985, an extra year…

Examines the scale and determinants of alumni giving, using datasets from two public-sector UK universities. Considers the importance of alumni giving as revenue and performance measures, comparing UK with U.S. alumni behaviors. Women are more likely to give; high-income grads, particularly lawyers, give greater amounts. (Contains 35 references.)…

Economic data comparing apprenticeship to full-time vocational education and to the youth labor market suggests that, in advanced economies, apprenticeship is a source of more stable employment for young male adults. Its value for females is low in some countries. (SK)

During the early Nineties the proportion of UK graduates doubled over a very short period of time. This paper investigates the effect of the expansion on early labour market attainment, focusing on over-education. We define over-education by combining occupation codes and a self-reported measure for the appropriateness of the match between…

A study examined career opportunities for women in social science research careers in the United Kingdom. Data were collected from the following sources: review of literature/data on women in social science research and their career prospects; survey of Economic and Social Research Council research centers and independent research instituted to…

A comparison of Australian and United Kingdom faculty salaries takes into account academic rank, salary scales, relative prices and purchasing power, and tax rates. Although Australian academics at the bottom lecturer ranks have a real salary 64 percent higher than their counterparts in the U.K., professors have the same real salary. (MSE)

A large proportion of the gender wage gap is usually left unexplained. In this paper, we investigate whether the unexplained component is due to misspecification. Using a sample of recent UK graduates, we introduce variables on career expectations and character traits, variables that are typically not observed. The evidence indicates that women…

Drawing on empirical studies from five countries (Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, United Kingdom, and United States), over 2 decades, outlines irregularities in the incidence of over- and under-education and consequences for individual earnings. The overall incidence of overeducation in the labor market is about 26 percent. (Contains 33 references.)…

Compares male and female professional librarians in English public libraries in terms of salaries, employment level, participation in continuing education activities, reasons for taking an extended leave or quitting a job, and respondents' descriptions of an ideal job. (8 references) (Author/CLB)