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Inoue, Chihiro; Lam, Daniel M. K. – ETS Research Report Series, 2021
This study investigated the effects of two different planning time conditions (i.e., operational [20 s] and extended length [90 s]) for the lecture listening-into-speaking tasks of the "TOEFL iBT"® test for candidates at different proficiency levels. Seventy international students based in universities and language schools in the United…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning
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Henry, Lucy A. – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 1994
Examined whether speech rate is related to the amount recalled and if developmental increases in speech rate allow faster rehearsal with age, and hence, greater recall. Found that the group relationship was clear and replicable but that speech rates of individual children were not good predictors of those children's memory spans; age was found to…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Children, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes