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Direct linkGash, Vanessa – Social Indicators Research, 2009
This paper examines the extent of and the mechanisms behind the penalty to motherhood in six European countries. Each country provides different levels of support for maternal employment allowing us to determine institutional effects on labour market outcome. While mothers tend to earn less than non-mothers, the penalty to motherhood is…
Descriptors: Mothers, Labor Market, Foreign Countries, Employed Women
Peer reviewedOpper, Susan – Oxford Review of Education, 1991
Studies effects of study abroad among 172 female and 217 male graduates in the United Kingdom, France, and the Federal Republic of Germany between 1980 and 1984. Finds study abroad expedites obtaining job interviews but was of little advantage in securing employment for either sex. Finds degree credential provides a competitive edge. (NL)
Descriptors: Developed Nations, Educational Research, Employed Women, Employment Potential
