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Direct linkLeón, Jaime; Álvarez-Álvarez, Carmen; Martínez-Abad, Fernando – Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2022
A central objective of schooling processes at the international level is reading skills development. Unfortunately, many students in the European Union underperform at this, and these low performances can be more pronounced in countries with lower Human Development Index (HDI) values. This study analysed the contextual effect of school…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Reading Achievement, Institutional Characteristics, Reading Skills
OECD Publishing, 2014
The Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) will establish technical standards and guidelines to ensure that the survey design and implementation processes of PIAAC yield high-quality and internationally comparable data. This document provides a revised version of the technical standards and guidelines originally…
Descriptors: Adults, International Assessment, Adult Literacy, Competence
