The educational history of the development of higher education in the USSR is examined. How higher education has been improved in order to meet the socioeconomic, scientific, and technological needs of Soviet society is discussed. (RM)

Describes the career and methods of A. S. Makarenko, revered in the Soviet Union for his successful work with children abandoned in the Civil War (1918-1921). Evolution of his theories in later Soviet education is traced and comparisons made with institutions for homeless or delinquent youth in other countries. (SJL)

Discusses the development of Soviet teaching methodology in literature from 1917 to the present. The document is written from the point of view of Soviet Marxist-Leninist criticism and covers the curriculum reform of the late 1960s. (Author/KC)

A detailed history of the eradication of mass illiteracy in the Soviet Union is given, from the first stage (1917-1920) to the third stage (1933 to post-war); methods of recruitment and teaching are recounted, as well as national policy developments. Instructional materials are described, and statistical data are included. (AJ)

The solution to the problem of women's illiteracy in the Soviet East, where the religion was Islam and seclusion was traditional for women, was intimately linked with the struggle for women's liberation. Such obstacles as the lack of materials and teacher shortages, and the policies developed to overcome them, are described. (Author/AJ)

Analyzes the problems of educational funds and scholarships in Polish areas incorporated within Russia after the third partition of the Commonwealth. Traces the history of educational funding during the early 1800s and provides statistics on the breakdown of monies appropriated by government, religion and individuals. (RW)

Examines the ending of reform efforts in the former Soviet Union immediately prior to the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Indicates that inadequate facilities and resources, lack of trained personnel, promotion on noneducational grounds, economic hardship, and bureaucratic resistance hindered these reforms. (15 references)…

Presents the seventh chapter from Ele Monoszon's "The Establishment and Development of Soviet Pedagogy." Reviews publications of research done in Soviet educational history since the 1920s. Lists influential Soviet education historians and briefly describes their areas of concentration. (CH)

The structures of primary and secondary general education in a number of industrialized countries are compared to show that there are all possible combinations of educational "systems" that are, in most cases, the outcome of a remote historical legacy. This legacy, regardless of its merits, should not be considered as inviolate, but…

Based on published literature and personal observations, the history of Soviet special and remedial education is reviewed. The interaction of special education with general public schooling and its development as compared with other countries are emphasized. A case study of Estonia provides a specific example. (Author/JDD)

The role of Russian teacher unions during the years of the Revolution and civil war in organizing initial opposition to the new Soviet order and in defeating that opposition is discussed. A historical rationale for the fundamental principles that underlie Soviet educational policies today is presented. (RM)

Traces the development of peace-oriented experiential philosophy in both its Western and Soviet contexts, suggesting that adventure-based citizen diplomacy is a valuable means to build bridges between them. Adventure Based Citizen Diplomacy projects are working to decrease the cultural, sociopolitical, and psychological barriers that remain in the…

This monograph describes the system of higher education in the United Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The preface points out that despite perestroika, two features of Soviet education persist, a high degree of unity and centralization and a close link between higher education and employers. Chapter 1, "Historical Overview," begins…

Historical, philosophical, and social perspectives concerning the development of Soviet society are presented. The concepts of orthodoxy, autocracy, and nationalism that were integral to Russian life for nearly one thousand years of history are discussed, and principles of socialism and communism that were inaugurated in November 1917 in…