This paper describes the joint cooperation between the United States and the USSR for a bilateral textbook review project that was begun in the 1970s. The US/USSR Textbook Study Project, suspended in 1980 when President Jimmy Carter ended U.S. cultural exchanges with the Soviet Union after the Afghanistan invasion, resumed in 1986 with different expert participants and has yet to be completed. Twenty-five U.S. textbooks and eight Soviet textbooks were chosen, translated, and exchanged for review. Four guidelines were established to guide the project: (1) only history and geography textbooks would be studied; (2) textbook coverage would be restricted to US-USSR relations; (3) the reviews would have a limited distribution; and (4) criticisms would be freely provided and would be used as recommendations for textbook updates. The advantages of bilateral textbook study, while fewer than the disadvantages, are considered more powerful and include: (1) the active involvement of a significant number of people and organizations; (2) the cultural exchange resulting from the official meetings in the United States and the Soviet Union; and (3) the openmindedness that came from the verbal and written interaction between the two countries' professionals. Some of the disadvantages for bilateral textbook study include the unguided judgment of the experts, the restrictions, and the constant turnover of textbook use. The appendices contain a list of the U.S. and Soviet participants and a list of the textbook titles. Two references are included. (DJC)