Based on oral and written testimony of pupils and teachers, this essay examines the lived educational experience of the school-age cohort of children in Stalin's Russia from 1931 to 1945. The state alone determined the structure and curricula of the nation's schools. However, Soviet youngsters, their parents, and teachers responded to the center's…

This paper studies transformations in the role of higher education in Russia as represented in official Soviet and post-Soviet policy documents between the 1950s and 2013. The focus is on the categories defining the purposes and tasks of higher education in the larger context of society and economy. There is a basic dichotomy in relation to the…

Describes vocational education in the Soviet Union. Goals are accomplished by such methods as a standard national curriculum, including sophisticated polytechnical programs, by a system of school-supported youth programs that promote patriotism and group loyalty, and by a media campaign emphasizing the importance of the worker. (Author/JOW)

The author analyzes three basic periods in the development of the level of education of the population of Russia over the span of a hundred years. The first period runs from 1897, when a nationwide census was carried out for the first time, to 1917. The second period, the Soviet era, runs from 1917 to the late 1980s. The third period started with…

An educational approach is used in guiding students toward manual occupations in the U.S.S.R. Practices involved in this approach are work experience programs, extracurricular creative technical work, and optional career-oriented courses. (KM)

Described in the booklet are the history and functions of the All-Russia Society for the Blind which was founded in 1925 to improve the physical, educational, and employment conditions of the more than 300,000 Russian people who before 1917 became blind from disease and poverty. The society is said to have units in the 15 constituent Soviet…

This paper describes and compares the processes of economic and social planning in France and the U.S.S.R., with particular emphasis on national educational planning and how it relates to the overall economic plan. Chapter 1 focuses on various aspects of integrating the educational plan into the overall social and economic plan, with particular…

The concept of continuing vocational education and training is being broadened to reflect the needs of individuals, society, and the economy for more flexible, adaptable, learner-centered opportunities. Roles of the various players are in transition. The role and responsibilities of the government should be as follows: strategic leadership; a…

This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of the Soviet response to an IBE questionnaire. It states that various agencies of the Soviet State maintain a continuing concern about school dropouts. A number of measures have been adopted to encourage students to finish school, such as improving educational methods,…