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Howell, Reet – Comparative Education, 1975
Although sport is supposedly non-political in the Soviet Union, it is used to achieve non-sport objectives such as political socialization, political indoctrination and political integration. Article considered sport in the Soviet Union as it is interrelated with other aspects of society. (Author/RK)
Descriptors: Administrative Organization, Athletes, Athletics, Comparative Education
Howell, Reet – 1976
This study analyzes the Soviet award system, in particular the Prepared for Word and Defense (PWD) program. The PWD program is composed of five stages and embraces people from ages 10 to 60. Each stage has a section of requirements and a section of norms, which take into consideration age variations. The norms section, which is the most important…
Descriptors: Athletics, Community Recreation Programs, Exercise (Physiology), Females