Introduction: This study analysed Turkish instructors' metaphors identifying learners in terms of learner autonomy. Methods: In the present study we proposed a mixed methods approach to the investigation of the images created by the participants. Results: The metaphors produced by the participants showed that instructors see both themselves and…

Foreign language education is a highly controversial issue in the Turkish educational system. Despite innovative educational reforms done in the last three decades, achievement in foreign language education is far from yielding the expected results. It is of grave importance to seek for reasons underlying the underachievement in foreign language…

The aim of this study is to determine pre-service classroom teachers' beliefs and thoughts about the roles of teachers and students in the classroom before taking the Mathematics Teaching I course. With this purpose, the study employed the survey method, a descriptive research technique. The study sample included 75 pre-service teachers (55…

In this paper, we discuss the individuals' "roles", "responsibilities", and "routine activities", along with their "goals" and "intentions" in two different contexts--a school science context and a university research context--using sociological lenses. We highlight the distinct characteristics of…

Student resistance can be a very important problem for the instructors in universities. Student resistance includes the conscious and preplanned behaviors towards the information presented to them in the classroom and the institutional practices. Typically, student resistance takes the form of passive or active non-compliance with roles and…