The most important indicator of meaningful learning in science education is that the students learn and often encounter in their daily life in the description. To be able to implement this, students need to be a good science literate. This study was carried out in order to reveal to what extent the teacher candidates can explain the relationship…

The purpose of this study is to introduce a problem-based learning (PBL) scenario that elementary school science teachers in middle school (5th-8th grades) can use in their in-service training. The scenario treats the subjects of heat, temperature and thermal expansion within the scope of the 5th and 6th grade science course syllabi and has been…

Entropy is that fundamental concept of chemical thermodynamics, which explains the natural tendency of matter and energy in the Universe. The analysis presents the description of entropy, as understood by the Turkish chemistry undergraduates.