The purpose of this study is to interpret the field of educational administration according to the philosophy of Dilthey, one of the most important representatives of the hermeneutical approach, which deals with the human being in variability, historicity. Educational administration that claims to be a science has internalized positivist approach…

Studies like the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) have compared the performance of U.S. middle grade students (i.e., eighth graders) to those in other countries. In relation to middle grade schools, 20 countries outperformed the United States in mathematics and nine countries scored above the U.S. in science. The intent of…

The "ISSS Annual Conference Proceedings" is a peer-reviewed professional publication published once a year following the annual conference. (Individual papers contain references.) [For the 2009 proceedings, see ED504973.]