Background: Provision of structure in classroom settings constitutes one of the pillars of conducive learning environments. However, little is known whether the particular elements of provided structure--namely, contingency, clear expectations, help and support, and monitoring--are equally important for student learning and motivation. Aims: In…

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the direct instruction method in teaching young individuals with intellectual disability marbling and stone painting, which are considered among leisure-skills. A multiple probe design, one of the single-subject research methods, was utilized in this research. A total of three students, consisting…