In the summer of 1970, the members of the New Orleans Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals understood clearly the realities of race in the South. Houston, Texas, like other Southern cities, had made haste toward racial school desegregation as slowly as the White Southern Federal courts would allow. When the High School of Performing and Visual Arts…

"Charter Schools in Eight States" uses longitudinal data from eight states to evaluate the effects of charter schools on achievement, attainment, integration, and competition. The findings are mixed. "Achievement": The study examines seven jurisdictions and finds insignificant effects on reading and math performance in five,…

Observed public and private school lunchrooms and recorded where students sat by race, calculating the percentage of students who sat with students of other races. Overall, 63.5 percent of private school students and 49.7 percent of public school students sat in integrated groups. Influences on integration included segregated housing patterns,…

Information obtained by combining data collected from a panel of high school sophomores (1966) and seniors (1968) with a recent post-high school follow-up (1972) is used to address the question: Do youth, both whites and blacks, who attend racially desegregated schools, have educational aspirations and expectations which are significantly…

The report provided findings from a recent Texas study of historical change in educational status projections of rural Black and White teenage boys and girls. The specific research objectives were to determine: (1) the nature and extent of historical change patterns occurring, by race, for educational aspiration, expectation, anticipatory goal…

Uncovering the effects of school racial composition on academic achievement is difficult, because racial mixing in the schools represents a complex mixture of government and family choices. While the goals of school integration legally inspired by Brown v. Board of Education are very broad, this paper focuses on the contribution of school racial…

Employment shortfall is enumerated differently by the proportionality technique, the exogenous base technique, and the complete shift-share and simple shift-share technique, three methods of analyzing occupational convergence (when labor force group distributions become more similar over time). The methods are applied to 1950-70 teacher employment…

The Creative Learning Center, funded under the Emergency School Assistance Program, addressed three problems related to the Dallas school district's 1971-72 desegregation plan: (1) lack of opportunity for racial mixing; (2) racial stereotyping; (3) preconceived ideas causing suspicion and hostility when races do mix. The Center was a model of how…

In "United States v. State of Texas," a federal judge in 1971 handed down a statewide desegregation order affecting over 1,000 Texas school districts, to be enforced by the Texas Education Agency (TEA). Chapter 1 of this evaluation of the order's implementation begins with the national background and local history of the case and then…

The Black/Mexican-American Project has two general goals congruent with the purpose of the Emergency School Assistance Program, under which it was funded: (1) to identify points of tension and cooperation between minority students in the Houston Independent School District; and (2) to suggest ways of improving relations between the minorities. So…

School integration was accomplished by three major procedures: (1) Faculties at all schools were integrated; (2) Two all-black high schools and two all-black middle schools were closed. Students were provided with free transportation to predominantly white schools; and (3) 27 elementary schools were combined into six clusters, each cluster…

Based on a June 1970 survey of 259 black homemakers (women between 18 and 65 having children in the household) in 2 villages and 1 town of an East Texas county (75% rural, disproportionately high rate of low-income families relative to Texas as a whole, 25% black, and pervaded by traditional southern culture), this paper presents 4 general…

This study evaluates the effects of busing on the subsequent achievement performance of bused black students. Differences in achievement gains or losses are hypothesized as being both a function of bused students attitudes toward busing and desegregation and of the interracial climate of acceptance in the receiving schools. Findings from data…

This case study describes and interprets the process through which State-level policy decisions are made for the public schools of Texas. The report begins with brief treatments of the socioeconomic environment and political culture within which education takes place. State governmental arrangements for public school policy are described, and four…