In 1995, the Texas Legislature mandated the formation of Juvenile Justice Alternative Education Programs (JJAEPs) to serve adjudicated youth in counties with a population of 125,000 or more. Some less-populated counties formed their own JJAEPs. This paper presents a comparison of these voluntary programs to the mandated programs. Of the 22 mandated programs, 15 responded to a survey. A total of 18 units of the voluntary programs likewise responded. The programs are organized so that 93% of respondents in populous counties reported that the independent school districts (ISDs) and the juvenile board are working together. Responsibility for selecting and hiring teachers varied--the more populous counties assigning these jobs to a private vendor or to one of the ISDs, whereas less populous counties preferred the ISDs and the county working together to select and hire teachers. Training methods also varied across counties. All the counties employed behavior modification programs, with many of them using boot camps. Drug and alcohol counseling is frequently provided. Financial support for all JJAEPs has proven problematic and great variation in arranging financial support was evident. Other details of the programs are reported. (RJM)