This study used a mixed measures design to explore the impact of a specific set of graphic organizers, Thinking Maps, on the reading comprehension achievement of students over a two-year period, and further analyzed the impact on the reading achievement of students when compared by socio-economic status, ethnicity, gender, and Limited English…

The challenges for secondary schools and principals in the United States include changing demographics, schools and curricula that are inappropriately designed for today's adolescents, principals trained to be managers rather than instructional leaders, and a dramatic shortage of qualified candidates willing to take on the principalship. The…