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VanPatten, Bill; Collopy, Erin; Price, Joseph E.; Borst, Stefanie; Qualin, Anthony – Modern Language Journal, 2013
This study presents the results of four experiments in the framework of processing instruction conducted with four language learner groups (Spanish, "n"?=?43; German, "n"?=?46; Russian, "n"?=?44; and French, "n"?=?48; discussed in that order). In each experiment, the processing problem was held constant (the…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Nouns, Grammar, Contrastive Linguistics
Stansfield, Charles W.; Kenyon, Dorry Mann – 1991
Development and validation of the Texas Oral Proficiency Test (TOPT) is described. The TOPT, a simulated oral proficiency interview, was developed in French and Spanish as a test of speech skills to be used by the state as part of its certification testing program for French, Spanish, and bilingual education teachers. An introductory chapter…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Elementary Secondary Education, French, Higher Education