Formal schooling in the U.S. has a long and violent history towards Indigenous peoples, today morphing into exclusion and erasure. Using a novel longitudinal dataset of U.S. textbooks (n = 193) from California and Texas, published from 1850 to 2019, we seek to shine light on the issue through a comprehensive analysis of depictions of Indigenous…

This article examines the evolution of the borderlands as an organizing trope by focusing on how the transcendence beyond cultural nationalist perspectives traces the shift from Chicano/a to Latinx discourses. In order to address this issue, I will analyse two twenty-first-century Latinx texts that delve into the intricate ways in which…

Compared to other groups of color, Asian Americans and their perspectives have rarely been given attention in curriculum studies. This article seeks to address the gap in the literature. It uses AsianCrit, a branch of critical race theory, as a theoretical lens to analyze and explicate common patterns across various states' scripting of Asian…

The development of the League of United Latino American Citizens (LULAC) is often viewed as a method of cultural assimilation through adult education. However, LULAC can be viewed through a collectivist's lens wherein the members established a shared philosophy, teaching adults to mobilize and expand their cause quickly and effectively. The social…

In a fifth grade classroom at The University of Texas Elementary School (UTES), a unit on the Constitution sets the stage for a year of integrated learning. The very next unit of study focuses on the civil rights movement. Teaching UTES students, who come from diverse backgrounds, means exposing them to many points of view so that they may form…

When students take action, they create change that extends far beyond the classroom. In this article, the author, who was a former teacher from Crystal City, Texas, remembers the student walkout that helped launch the Latino civil rights movement 40 years ago. The Crystal City student walkout remains a high point in the history of student activism…

Newcomers are a special subgroup of the student population designated as English Language Learners (ELLs). The research project described in this article investigates how a teacher integrated language and content in a single subject area, social studies, in a high school newcomer classroom. Three extended lessons were presented to newcomer…

Presents a biographical profile of Robert Lloyd Smith, a black Texas legislator of the 1890's. Discusses Smith's philosophy of self-improvement and economic self-sufficiency; his relationship with Booker T. Washington; his involvement in legislation regarding black education, civil rights, and agriculture; and the problems he faced in being a…

Every year, historians in the United States attend the American Historical Association (AHA), a conference that has met annually since 1884. The AHA draws scholars from all specializations, and it is the primary organization through which the profession is represented. In 1969, the conference met at the Sheraton Park Hotel in Washington, D.C. At…

Lesson plans include an application by James D. Laney for teaching the concept of economic scarcity to first graders, and an activity requiring seventh graders to report on the origins of Texas towns by Pat Hazlett. Glenda Hayes and the Center for Civic Education offer activities for U.S. history, U.S. government, and world history. (LS)

Analyzes in two fifth-grade social studies textbooks, the production of three "foundation myths" relating to Chicanos in American history: (1) Texas independence and the Alamo, (2) the Mexican War, and (3) the 20-century struggle for civil rights. How these contribute to cultural degradation is discussed. (SLD)

The Texas tradition of placing women and minorities in lower paying, less prestigious jobs without policy-making responsibility continued through the 1970s in the areas of public employment and public education. For all employment at all governmental levels in all regions and city sizes, minority members and women earned the lowest salaries.…

It has frequently been said that the past decade has been one of major advances for Black and Mexican American Texans. A study by the Texas Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights reported that, to the contrary, Texas, at all governmental levels, consistently underemployed, underrepresented, underutilized and underestimated…

During the 1970s, Texas' longstanding political, legal, and cultural framework continued the systematic exclusion or discouragement of minority groups from political participation and representation. The Texas Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights studied the representation of the state's 12.5% black, 18% Spanish surnamed, and…

Intended for classroom teachers on the secondary level, the historical bibliography cites 581 publications which can be obtained from bookstores, public and university libraries, and through inter-library loans. Although the materials, published between 1899 and 1973, stress Texas themes, material on the greater Southwest and the nation is…