The purpose of this paper was to explore elements of socialization in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan lower-class black populations which might impede motivational development in the lower-class black child. One objective was to describe the nature of the following factors which may affect goal striving of the lower-class black youth: mothers'…

Little prior research exists on the achievement motivation of Mexican American students. In a rural south Texas junior high school, 120 eighth-grade students completed the 1969 Achieving Tendency Scales and demographic and socioeconomic questionnaires. Subjects were equally divided among four groups: Mexican American males and females and Anglo…

Two naturalistic research studies observed 45 eleventh grade students carrying out research paper assignments, and a third such study focused on 26 third grade students. The studies took place in Alberta (Canada) in 1993, Texas in 1996, and Washington state in 1999. From data analyzed in the interviews and written documents, the initial findings…