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McClure, Patricia S. – Whiteness and Education, 2023
Race shapes the policies and history of the United States. Current research shows that state-approved social studies content standards are written in a non-racial and colour-evasive whiteness language that reinforces racist policies and practices in education. This qualitative framework analysis study examines the language of social studies…
Descriptors: Social Studies, Academic Standards, State Standards, Language Usage
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Gándara, Patricia – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
Although it is commonly thought that people who are bilingual have an advantage in the labor market, studies on this topic have not borne out this perception.The literature, in fact, has found an earnings penalty is associated with bilingualism--people who are bilingual often make less than people who are monolingual in similar jobs. This report…
Descriptors: Labor Market, Bilingualism, Immigrants, Hispanic Americans