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Direct linkKhalaf, Shiva; Santi, Kristi L.; Kulesz, Paulina A.; Bunta, Ferenc; Francis, David J. – Grantee Submission, 2019
This study investigated the dimensionality of bilingual phonological awareness (PA) in English and Spanish by replicating a kindergarten model in Grade 1, and presents alternatives to modeling clustered data. English and Spanish tasks were analyzed from previously collected samples totaling 1,586 first grade Spanish-speaking English learners. Four…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Phonological Awareness, Spanish Speaking, Grade 1
York, Mary J.; Foorman, Barbara R.; Santi, Kristi L.; Francis, David J. – Assessment for Effective Intervention, 2011
We examined student-, classroom-, and school-level effects in predicting second-grade Spanish-speaking children's oral reading fluency in Spanish. Teachers in 67 randomly selected urban schools administered the Tejas LEE to 1,537 first- and second-grade students. Oral reading fluency was measured in the passages students read for comprehension.…
Descriptors: Urban Schools, Bilingual Students, Mentors, Reading Fluency
