In Tanzania, adult education is seen as going beyond increasing skill levels to raising political consciousness. If it is desired to narrow the gap between the educated and uneducated, the role of University adult education evening classes as an agent of increased social stratification must be examined. Mass radio study groups may be one means of…

The radio study campaign combined elements of listening group and study group traditions and added group leaders trained in democratic leadership principles, a text book, and a study guide. It was hoped that the campaign would create a deeper sense of national awareness and, by highlighting the achievements since Tanzanian independence, give…

The paper examines the suitability and effectiveness of the radio study group campaigns. The radio programs combine written study materials and group discussion under the guidance of a trained study leader. Ideological and pedagogical rationales, educational impact, coordination of resources, cost, and its success with illiteracy are discussed.…

Traditional university adult education is seen as catering for the elite in contrast to a university radio study group campaign which proved far more effective in reaching the less well educated and financially insecure rural inhabitants of Tanzania, and which promises to help break down social strata rather than reinforce them. (Author/KP)

This account of the Tanzanian health campaign opens with a brief explanation of how radio forums fit into the mass media scheme. Then, campaigns run in other nations are reviewed, with emphasis on aspects pertinent to the Tanzanian experience. The Tanzanian campaign, named Mtu ni Afya ("Man is Health"), had three aims: (1) to increase…

This paper is based on the evaluation of the Tanzanian education campaign called "Man is Health." It reviews the genesis of the campaign, objectives and organization, training system, examples of the groups at work, preliminary findings, and other significant aspects of the total effort. (Author)

Based upon the success of three smaller radio study campaigns, a program for a preventive health campaign was planned to directly improve the lives of Tanzania's rural inhabitants. Elements in the campaign included: a national coordianating committee, radio programs, printed materials, trained study group leaders, leader's manuals, and…

The objectives, target group, publicity methods, training procedures, leader recruitment, financing, activities, and program evaluation of a radio study group campaign in Tanzania are described. (AG)

This report contains one man's impressions of the state of adult literacy education in several countries of Africa and in India. The first country reported on is Ethiopia, where signs of a capitalist society were evident in that officially Marxist country, where literacy education was still a priority in the midst of a waning famine. Ethiopia had…

A group study method was selected for Tanzanian educational radio campaigns based on the theory that adults are more motivated to learn when they are actively involved. Groups of approximately 12 adults and a group adviser followed the pattern of reading, listening, discussing, decision making, and action. The instructional materials used…

This document contains a collection of literacy program evaluation instruments from developing countries, as well as several papers describing how to use evaluation instruments to assess various types of systems. The following titles (with author or country of origin) are contained in this collection: "Designing a System of Evaluation and…

Use of radio for nonformal education and development communications and the technical and economic considerations related to radio services are covered in this second volume of case studies on use of radio for education and development. Under radio and nonformal education are: an evaluation of radio schools as part of the popular promotion…

This booklet discusses, in the context of low-income countries, a series of planning issues bridging education and communication. The planning issues include the democratization of educational opportunity, the quality of instruction and learning, the impact of education through technology on rural areas, and the participation of people in their…

This document contains seven papers from a study of the role of distance learning approaches in enhancing the contribution of nonformal education to socioeconomic development in Africa. "Introduction" (Richard Siaciwena) presents an overview of the research project and defines key terms related to nonformal education. "Ghana: The…