This study examined the effects of divorce and custody arrangements on Taiwanese children's emotional adjustment and gender role development 2 years post-divorce. The sample consisted of 90 children, 30 in father custody, 30 in mother custody, and 30 in intact families. Teachers, blind to study purposes and well-acquainted with the children, rated children on the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ), which evaluates the degree of maladjustment. Each child also had an individual Gender Constancy Interview (GCI), and each parent provided demographic and family information. No differences in level of maladjustment were found for children of divorced versus intact families. Regardless of family status, boys were rated significantly more aggressive than girls. Regardless of custody arrangement, boys in divorced families were rated higher than girls as hostile-aggressive and hyperactive-distractible. Children with the same-sex custodial parent were rated as better adjusted emotionally than children in custody with the opposite-sex parent. Older preschool boys in mother custody had more advanced gender role development than children in other custody arrangements. Father-custody families in Taiwan received more income and more grandparent child rearing support than single mothers. Single mothers expressed more child rearing worry than single fathers. (Contains 20 references.) (Author/AA)