Despite the increasing attention to technology-enhanced language learning in English-as-a-foreign-language contexts, investigation regarding the effects of multimodal technologies on affective factors (particularly emotions and grit) in digital storytelling has remained underexplored. Therefore, this mixed-methods study reports on…

English speaking is considered the most difficult and anxiety-provoking language skill for EFL learners due to lack of access to authentic language use, fear of making mistakes, and peers' negative comments. With automatic speech recognition and natural language processing, intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) have potential in foreign language…

Augmented reality (AR) deepens learning interactions by imposing digital information on top of physical settings. This study implemented an AR-enhanced theme-based contextualized learning and aimed to examine the effects of captions (non-caption, English caption and Chinese caption) and English proficiency (less proficient and proficient) on…