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Direct linkWagner, Elvis; Liao, Yen-Fen; Wagner, Santoi – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2021
L2 test developers often use scripted spoken texts in their L2 listening tests, because it is efficient and practical to create scripted spoken texts that meet predetermined test specifications. But because scripted spoken texts differ in a number of fundamental ways from unscripted spoken language, there are potential threats to validity when…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language), Grammar
