The aim of this paper is to summarise how pronunciation feedback on the phoneme level should be given in computer-assisted pronunciation training (CAPT) in order to be effective. The study contains a literature survey of feedback in the language classroom, interviews with language teachers and their students about their attitudes towards pronunciation feedback, and observations of how feedback is given in their classrooms. The study was carried out using focus group meetings, individual semi-structured interviews and classroom observations. The feedback strategies that were advocated and observed in the study on pronunciation feedback from human teachers were implemented in a computer-animated language tutor giving articulation feedback. The virtual tutor was subsequently tested in a user trial and evaluated with a questionnaire. The article proposes several feedback strategies that would improve the pedagogical soundness of CAPT systems. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.)