The General Accounting Office (GAO) studied selected nations' policies to increase the number of older workers participating in the labor force. The main data collection activities were as follows: (1) an analysis of population and labor force data from eight high-income Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development member nations; (2) an extensive literature review and interviews with experts; and (3) site visits in Japan, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Japan has enacted substantial cuts to its national pension system by raising the eligibility age and reducing benefit levels to maintain fund solvency. Sweden has changed the structure of its national pension system from the traditional pay-as-you-go defined benefit plan to a system where participants' benefits are more in line with their contributions. The United Kingdom will phase in changes rewarding continued employment and discouraging earlier retirement. The experts interviewed emphasized that the effectiveness of these policy changes hinges on the development and implementation of labor market reforms and economic growth to provide job opportunities to older workers. (The following items are appended: details on the study's scope and methodology; overviews of pensions and labor market practices in Japan, Sweden, and the United Kingdom; and a list of GAO contacts.) (MN)