This paper describes the social context for and the provision of child care services in Scandinavia. Particular emphasis is given to Denmark and Sweden. Occasionally, comparisons are made in the paper between Scandinavian countries and the United States, and differing attitudes toward the poor are pointed out. In the Scandinavian countries underlying sociopolitical attitudes as to what makes a good society are reflected in social legislation and policies affecting families. In the case of Denmark, these policies date as far back as 1888. Generally, a long history of providing family support coupled with early compulsory education and late industrialization has led to well defined policies, high standards and a wide range of services. Sweden is currently experimenting with centers for multi-age groups in which children may range in age from seven months to 12 years. Sweden also provides after-school or recreation/leisure centers for school-age children. Further, Sweden has more playgrounds per capita than any other country in the world. The adventure playground originated in Denmark. Danish law mandates that all towns with a population over 5,000 must provide a special children's library section. In contrast, the United States in 1979 was one of the few developed countries with no national policy for providing child care to those in need. (Author/RH)