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Direct linkSoler, Josep – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2013
Catalan and Estonian can be considered "medium-sized" languages with some key common features that allow us to analyze the evolution of the two cases comparatively. Firstly, other formerly hegemonic languages (Spanish and Russian, respectively) have historically minoritized them. Secondly, the political equilibrium has now changed in…
Descriptors: Linguistics, Ideology, Language Minorities, Global Approach
Gal, Susan – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2013
Monolingual speakers of a national language continue to be the ideal figures on which national identities and senses of community are built. Yet this longstanding equation between nation and language is being contested by other ideologies. Alternatives are emerging from such disparate social locations as the European Union, now advocating for…
Descriptors: Language Usage, Language Variation, Foreign Countries, Ideology
