Transformative learning theory (TLT) describes the process of reframing discriminative worldviews with a more permeable and reflective epistemology. Although TLT has been around for more than 50 years, few studies empirically engage critical theoretical frameworks to move beyond personal learning to identify the impacts of transformation on…

The conceptual framework in social mobility studies in terms of the theoretical and methodological orientation of the social mobility paradigm and its ideological connotations are discussed in the introduction of this paper. Other topics discussed in this section include the following: the inconsistency of the theoretical orientation, a…