This article aims to apply Stenhouse's process model of curriculum to foreign language (FL) education, a model which is characterized by enacting "principles of procedure" which are specific to the discipline which the school subject belongs to. Rather than to replace or dissolve current approaches to FL teaching and curriculum…

This paper examines the Europeanization of citizenship education policy through a comparative analysis of two European states, Germany and Spain, with strong traditions of regional control of education policy. While previous studies have tended to focus on national responses to and implementation of EU initiatives, they often disregarded the…

Describes the general reform of the educational system in Spain particularly focusing on the science curriculum in the lower secondary schools. Discusses the reform curriculum and teachers innovation, diversity, teacher collaboration, activities and the scientific method in the curriculum, and the changing role of teachers. (CMK)