Before and during the era when mass elementary schooling took off, children populated classrooms in many roles and not only as learners. The traditional teaching situation was actually full of children in roles as instructors, inspectors, and helpers, among others. In this contribution, the dichotomisation of expected classroom roles, being a…

In this UniCollaboration Plenary Session, Rodrigo Ballester, a cabinet member of the Commissioner of Education and Culture in the European Commission, presented on virtual exchanges. Virtual exchanges can serve many different purposes. They can be intercultural dialogues, languages, digital skills, teacher training, and soft skills, etc. He then…