The role played on shallow and deep levels of comprehension by text changes aimed at improving relationships within text ideas or producing better links with the reader's knowledge were studied with 67 Spanish 10th graders. Both textual changes contributed separately to recall, but problem solving increased only when the two were presented…

Describes a long-term project where middle school students were taught to visually represent key text ideas through idea-mapping techniques. Instruction was inserted in the content area curriculum along with regular textbooks and supplementary material. Positive effects were found in recall, comprehension, and learning. (MJP)