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Gyeong-Geon Lee; Heesoo Ha – International Journal of Science Education, 2024
Science academic achievement is a key construct for examining students' science learning outcomes. While international comparative assessments like TIMSS and PISA have shown high science achievement of Korean middle school students, there is a lack of comprehensive investigation of factors influencing the achievement using domestic data.…
Descriptors: Science Achievement, COVID-19, Pandemics, Foreign Countries
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Xue Wang – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2024
Inequality in the shadow? Cross-national comparisons of the effects of additional instruction on math and science performance based on PISA 2018 data Background Many educational systems worldwide are experiencing a growing demand for shadow education, which often takes the form of outside-school educational activities such as private tutoring…
Descriptors: Equal Education, Comparative Analysis, Supplementary Education, International Assessment