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Karika, Tímea; Csíkos, Csaba – EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 2022
In this research, a new test for understanding simple fractions has been developed for students at the beginning of lower secondary education. In many countries, mathematics education in Grade 5 builds on elementary students' developing concepts of fractions. Understanding fractions causes many difficulties for students, and research on mental…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 5, Mathematics Instruction, Fractions
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Dampier, Graham; Mawila, Daphney – South African Journal of Childhood Education, 2012
Translating items of educational tests from one language to another is problematic. Arriving at accurate translations of concepts formulated in a language that is grammatically and syntactically incommensurable with a target language is a concern that probably won't find resolution. And the very act of translation can obscure the accuracy of test…
Descriptors: Test Items, Translation, Test Reliability, Item Response Theory