The cascade model has been widely used to reduce costs and maximize benefits in teacher education. This article discusses one step in the cascade process, training the trainers, noting the need to integrate more social and cultural awareness into this area of training if the cascade approach is to succeed. Two South African projects that use the…

Highlights the recent history of South African education using life histories of two black teachers (one beginning and one experienced) whose careers as students and then teachers evolved against a backdrop of social and political conflict. The article considers ways that selected theories of oppression and resistance explain or fail to explain…

Ethnographic study describes the professional development of seven unlicensed or nonqualified teachers involved in a community teacher education project in two informal settlement community schools near Johannesburg, South Africa. Data from observations and interviews highlight the teachers' initiative in pursuing their own professional…