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The PRO Instructional Strategy in the Construction of Scientific Explanations
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Tang, Kok-Sing – Teaching Science, 2015
This article presents an instructional strategy called Premise-Reasoning-Outcome (PRO) designed to support students in the construction of scientific explanations. Informed by the philosophy of science and linguistic studies of science, the PRO strategy involves identifying three components of a scientific explanation: (i) premise--an accepted…
Descriptors: Educational Strategies, Science Instruction, Science Education, Scientific Concepts
Constructing Scientific Explanations through Premise-Reasoning-Outcome (PRO): An Exploratory Study to Scaffold Students in Structuring Written Explanations
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Tang, Kok-Sing – International Journal of Science Education, 2016
This paper reports on the design and enactment of an instructional strategy aimed to support students in constructing scientific explanations. Informed by the philosophy of science and linguistic studies of science, a new instructional framework called premise--reasoning--outcome (PRO) was conceptualized, developed, and tested over two years in…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Science Education, Science Instruction, Scientific Concepts
Learning Science in High School: What Is Actually Going On?
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Tan, Aik Ling; Hong, Huaqing – International Journal of Science Education, 2014
This paper examines learning of science in 15 grade nine classrooms by analyzing the type of talk that teachers engaged in. Using transcripts from audio recordings that are part of the Singapore Corpus of Research in Education database, annotations were carried out on the phrases of teacher talk using Mortimer and Scott's framework for meaning…
Descriptors: High School Students, Grade 9, Science Education, Foreign Countries
Facilitating High School Students' Use of Multiple Representations to Describe and Explain Simple Chemical Reactions
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Chandrasegaran, A. L.; Treagust, David F.; Mocerino, Mauro – Teaching Science, 2011
This study involved the evaluation of the efficacy of a planned instructional program to facilitate understanding of the macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic representational systems when describing and explaining chemical reactions by sixty-five Grade 9 students in a Singapore secondary school. A two-tier multiple-choice diagnostic instrument…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Chemistry, Foreign Countries, Grade 9
Constructive Use of Authoritative Sources in Science Meaning-Making
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Yeo, Jennifer; Tan, Seng Chee – International Journal of Science Education, 2010
Researchers are skeptical about the role of authoritative sources of information in a constructivist learning environment for fear of usurping students' critical thinking. Taking a social semiotics perspective in this study, authoritative sources are regarded as inscriptions of cultural artifacts, and science learning involves meaning-making of…
Descriptors: Constructivism (Learning), Scientific Principles, Problem Based Learning, Educational Environment
Problem-Based Learning: Using Ill-Structured Problems in Biology Project Work
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Chin, Christine; Chia, Li-Gek – Science Education, 2006
This case study involved year 9 students carrying out project work in biology via problem-based learning. The purpose of the study was to (a) find out how students approach and work through ill-structured problems, (b) identify some issues and challenges related to the use of such problems, and (c) offer some practical suggestions on the…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Investigations, Biology, Problem Based Learning