The major directions of scientific research in the field of library work with children, being conducted in Russia, are discussed. The results of pedagogical influence on children's reading depend greatly on the organization of the library service. Two vital problems of such library service are: the organization of a state-wide system of library services for young readers and the determination of the principles of centralization of all children's libraries. Further research in this field, for the improvement of the quality of scientific research and for attaining better results, is contingent upon the co-ordination of efforts of the library associations of many countries, and the systematic exchange of information concerning the programs and the results of the work and experiments. Such international programs would speed up the research process needed to enhance the role of the book and the library in the education and upbringing of children. (NH)