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MacWilliams, Bryon – Chronicle of Higher Education, 2003
Discusses how, through several colleges in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, three powers--the United States, Turkey, and Russia--seek to influence the course of Central Asia. (EV)
Descriptors: College Programs, Competition, Developed Nations, Developing Nations

Kreindler, Isabelle – Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 1997
Major common language problems arising in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet bloc are outlined, as identified in recent literature, and pressing language-related issues in specific former Soviet states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan,…
Descriptors: Annotated Bibliographies, Communication Problems, Foreign Countries, Geographic Distribution