Discusses the history of Russian literacy from Kievan Rus, through the Muscovite period, the Imperial period, and the postrevolutionary Soviet Union. Presents tables of literacy levels for various periods. Discusses evidence, theories, and problems with historians' assumptions. Concludes that, until recently, little impetus existed for the bulk of…

Presents a historical overview of the social and educational theories popular in 19th-century Russia. Educators and reformers constantly argued over the contradictory efforts to raise educational standards without threatening the status quo. Identifies preeminent educational movements and their leading adherents. (MJP)

Reports on a survey of youth crime, youthful criminals, and efforts at resocialization in contemporary Russia. Asserts that political and social change have resulted in social stratification and criminal behavior. Maintains that the high level of recidivism is caused by a lack of coordinated efforts by public institutions. (CFR)

Examines the results of a survey presented to students, administrators, teachers, and social scientists in Russia, Canada, United States, Germany, and Austria. The survey investigated attitudes, causal factors, social background, and prevention efforts concerning antisocial behavior in adolescents. The Russian responses reflected a more punitive…

Presents an example of current Russian cultural criticism. Articulates a diatribe against the current state of Russian culture and its influence on that country's youth. Condemns the influx of Western influences, sex and violence in the media, and the glorification of a drug culture through popular music. (MJP)

Attempts a sociopolitical portrait of Russia's young people through an examination of their motion picture viewing habits combined with other survey responses. Discovers that most Russian youth are disinterested in politics, prefer violent Western movies, and remain concerned about crime although they are personally optimistic. Recommends…