Framed within Ruiz's language-as-resource orientation, this article uses data from a college ESL classroom where a translanguaging approach was used for the teaching of a novel. After defining key terms, the article describes the linguistic context of higher education in Puerto Rico and its influence on one instructor's Basic English course. Using…

Puerto Rican children's literature reflects the complex history of Puerto Rico, an island that has been perpetually under colonial rule. Island and US Puerto Ricans represent a cultural identity with indefinite geographical, national and linguistic borders. Although both groups have created distinct communities, both remain loyal to Spanish as a…

Communities around the world is the theme of unit 10 of a bilingual social science strand for grade three. Inquiry strategies in both cognitive and affective domains serve as instruments to reach objectives of learning and assessment activities in kits 37-40. Each kit focuses on one of the spiraling questions of who the individual is, what his…

This module provides readers who are not familiar with Puerto Ricans with information regarding certain Puerto Rican mores which seem outstanding to people of Anglo-Saxon background. Pre- and postassessment tests, a bibliography, learning alternative strategies, and a narrative concerning Puerto Ricans and their mores are presented. (MJM)

THE INFLUENCE OF HISTORICAL, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL FACTORS UPON THE EARLY LEARNING PROCESS OF SAN JUAN INDIAN CHILDREN WAS RELATED TO THE CONDUCT OF HEAD START PROGRAMS. FOUR TYPES OF DATA WERE USED, (1) PERSONAL RESEARCH INTO THE PUEBLO'S HISTORY, (2) TESTS AND OBSERVATIONS OF 50 INDIAN CHILDREN OF ALL AGES, (3) INFORMATION ABOUT SPECIFIC HEAD…