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| TESOL Quarterly | 2 |
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| Journal Articles | 2 |
| Opinion Papers | 2 |
| Reports - Descriptive | 1 |
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| Practitioners | 1 |
| Teachers | 1 |
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| Puerto Rico | 2 |
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Peer reviewedResnick, Melvin C. – TESOL Quarterly, 1993
Historical, political, and sociolinguistic aspects of the teaching of English as a Second Language (ESL) in Puerto Rico are examined. It is suggested that the apparent failure of ESL instruction is in reality a motivated failure: a society's successful resolution of a conflict between government planning for bilingualism and social pressure for…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, English (Second Language), Foreign Countries, Government Role
Peer reviewedPousada, Alicia – TESOL Quarterly, 1996
Examines factors contributing to the Puerto Rican conflict between Spanish and English. These include American heavy-handedness, party politics, socioeconomic tensions and the educational bureaucracy. The article notes how language planning could defuse the conflict and specifies concrete planning roles for English language professionals. (25…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Bureaucracy, Change Strategies, Conflict Resolution
