This research arises within the scope of the Postgraduate Course of Specialization in Technologies and Robotics in Elementary School. Its aim is to analyze the impact of robotics and programming on the motivation and involvement of students in the development of computational thinking, in the learning of mathematical concepts. The study was conducted with 36 elementary school students, where two game-based activities were designed and applied by using different technological tools (mBot and micro:bit). Data were collected from the participants using qualitative instruments, such as participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The data treatment technique selected was content analysis. The results establish evidence that the practice of these activities enabled students to learn while having fun and constructing knowledge from previous knowledge, consolidating contents. The dialogues and interviews with the students allowed us to identify that the educational use of robots encourages students' participation. The results revealed it remains central to wager on initial and continuing teacher training to transfer this knowledge into their pedagogical practices, promoting meaningful learning.