Since the late 20th century, the Solidarity breakthrough of the Polish social movement has been a huge political success. Solidarity, as a specific idea, has become not only a social and political power, but also a more profound category of ethical discourse. Therefore, especially in terms of Polish public awareness, solidarity is one of the most…

The twofold aim of this paper is to describe the specificity of education in Poland and to explore the potential and the limitations of the concept of cultural codes for investigating this specificity. With reference to Max Weber's methodology of ideal types, and following the inquires of Sowa (2011), Leder (2014) and Hryniewicz (2015), as well as…

The concept of authority is described as functioning, in Poland's rural areas, as a factor consolidating social ties and integrating the group internally. The historical change the concept has undergone in the rural community is presented through reviews of other research on rural authority. The different types of rural authority discussed are (1)…

The author provides a historical approach to understanding the political, economic, and cultural motives that shaped adult education's philosophy in Poland. Analysis of the pre and post "Solidarity" movement is provided to demonstrate the role of adult education in an ongoing process of learning democratic principles. (SSH)