Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have empowered non-state social actors, notably, social movements. They were quick to seize ICTs in the past (printing presses, television, fax machines), which was a major factor in their successes. Mass email campaigns, blogs, their audio- and video- variants (the podcasts and the videocasts),…

A discussion of educational reform efforts in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia looks at these changes in the larger context of recent substantial political, social, and economic change. It examines the role and value of education in the different societies, quantitative and structural development in education systems, and economic…

This publication is intended for educational planners, administrators, and decision-makers who are confronted in their daily work with the demanding task of bringing about changes in education in order to adapt it to the requirements of modern society. The publication includes studies presented at a Unesco meeting in October 1977 by a group of…

The 1980-81 Polish upheavals included proposals for dramatic change in higher education. Taking advantage of momentum for change created by Solidarity and using strikes, academics, and students produced temporary changes sometimes representing complete policy reversals. Possible directions for Eastern European socialist higher education are…

Numerous studies conducted by the Committee for Studies on Regions under Industrialization of the Polish Academy of Sciences provide the basis for historical analysis and regional comparison relative to concept formation, program guidelines, and program implementation procedures for rational human factor management. The exhaustion of Poland's…

The weakness of English and other language instruction in Poland is due largely to the political system after World War II. Political and economic change and gradual recognition of the importance of English have recently increased rapidly. Expanded contact with the West calls for immediate qualitative and quantitative changes in English language…

Successes and failures in Polish higher education reform since the fall of communism are outlined. Successes include legal support for reform, access to higher education, new schools, international collaboration, enhancement of academic careers. Problems include inadequate structure for science, little structural change in higher education,…