This sociohistorical study probes an archaeological artefact called the Laguna Copperplate Inscription (LCI) to suggest that translingualism, a sociolinguistic orientation that foregrounds the fluidity of language boundaries, was practised by precolonial Filipinos. It then analyses how translingual practices were potentially devalued by linguistic…

For research purposes, an individual's education and educational attainment, and his or her ethnic identity, are usually taken to represent static and independent characteristics of the person. However, the processes which lead to categorizations of educational attainment and ethnic identity are not static and are probably not independent. In this…