Purpose: A growing trend in instructional improvement efforts is the use of formative assessment informed by research-based developmental trajectories of how students gain deeper understanding of subject matter content over time. This article reports the findings of a large-scale experimental study of an innovative mathematics professional…

Two experiments assessed how reading aloud versus reading silently would benefit recognition and recall performance of content-specific vocabulary (i.e., the production effect). Participants studied 30 terms from an American history curriculum by reading half of the vocabulary aloud, while the remaining words were read silently. After a brief…

The benefits of undergraduate research are well documented, and many colleges and universities include a senior research requirement for graduation. In addition, most science curricula attempt to include discoverystyle, laboratory components to prepare students for their research experiences and to expose them to research methods in different…

We examined, on a trial-by-trial basis, fraction magnitude comparison strategies of adults with more and less mathematical knowledge. College students with high mathematical proficiency used a large variety of strategies that were well tailored to the characteristics of the problems and that were guaranteed to yield correct performance if executed…

How can art function as a medium through which to re(view) the self and others? This article explores this central question through an interdisciplinary classroom experiment that brought theories of identity development in a multiculturalism classroom together with principles of portraiture present in an introductory drawing class. Interview…

Understanding an arithmetic operation implies, at minimum, knowing the direction of effects that the operation produces. However, many children and adults, even those who execute arithmetic procedures correctly, may lack this knowledge on some operations and types of numbers. To test this hypothesis, we presented preservice teachers (Study 1),…

Research shows that multiple external representations can significantly enhance students' learning. Most of this research has focused on learning with text and 1 additional graphical representation. However, real instructional materials often employ multiple "graphical" representations (MGRs) in addition to text. An important open…

Self-explaining is a domain-independent learning strategy that generally leads to a robust understanding of the domain material. However, there are two potential explanations for its effectiveness. First, self-explanation generates additional "content" that does not exist in the instructional materials. Second, when compared to…

In fall of 2004, Carnegie Mellon University embarked on a bold educational experiment, the establishment of an overseas branch campus at Education City in the Persian Gulf state of Qatar. Carnegie Mellon's decision to open up shop in the Middle East was by no means unique; indeed, Carnegie Mellon is just one of a growing number of institutions to…

THE INFLUENCE OF PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS VERBALLY EXPRESSED BY AN AUTHORITY FIGURE AND THE MANIFEST ANXIETY OF THE SUBJECT ON SIMPLE AND COMPLEX LEARNING TASKS WAS STUDIED IN RELATION TO MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN. THE HYPOTHESES TESTED WERE THAT THERE WILL BE NO DIFFERENCE IN PERFORMANCE ON THE EXPERIMENTAL TASKS AS A FUNCTION OF THE (1) VERBAL…

THIS INVESTIGATION WAS CONCERNED WITH THE QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES OF ART TEACHERS AT THE FIRST-GRADE, SEVENTH-GRADE, AND COLLEGE INSTRUCTIONAL LEVELS. THESE THREE LEVELS WERE CHOSEN IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM EFFECTS OF STUDENT AGE ON TEACHER QUESTIONING. TWENTY TEACHERS, EACH AVERAGING ABOUT 7 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE, PARTICIPATED IN THE…

A pilot study exploring the use of mental health consultants to teachers of socially and emotionally maladjusted pupils in regular classes was conducted to (1) help teachers cope with these children and facilitate successful learning experiences for them, (2) enable teachers to be more effective with all children, (3) understand effects of…

TWO METHODS OF IMPLEMENTING SCHOOL SHOP EYE PROTECTION PROGRAMS WERE INVESTIGATED TO DETERMINE THE MORE EFFECTIVE FOR DEVELOPING FAVORABLE AND LASTING STUDENT ATTITUDES. TWO INDEPENDENT SAMPLES, TOTALING 76, WERE DRAWN FROM THE TENTH GRADE VOCATIONAL MACHINE SHOP STUDENTS AND FROM COLLEGE STUDENTS ENROLLED IN AN ENGINEERING MACHINE SHOP COURSE.…

The Parkway Program was designed to investigate the possibility that a high school could be organized independently of any fixed institutional facilities, whether these be a school building or a fixed faculty. One hundred and forty-three Philadelphia High School students were selected at random from among applicants representing all eight…