This consensual qualitative research (CQR) study explored the group leadership supervisory experiences of (n = 10) school counseling internship students. Findings suggest the importance of fostering group leader advocacy skills and the need to assess students' group leadership supervisory experiences during fieldwork placement. Implications for…

When Pennsylvania's Early Intervention system implemented an early intervention-reflective supervision project, modest expectations for change were anticipated, given the limited amount of time and funding for the project. In this article, one participant tells the story of her professional development, which enabled her to augment her skills as…

Like many states throughout the nation, Pennsylvania is in the midst of major reforms to its teacher evaluation system. Under the new system, the state will base annual evaluations on several measures, including supervisor observations using the Framework for Teaching (FFT) and, for many teachers, their contributions to student achievement growth…

The challenges of maintaining highly qualified special education teachers are evident in public schools across the nation. Replacing educators who leave the field is a time consuming and expensive endeavor that impacts the achievement and progress of children with disabilities. This study is focused on explaining length of tenure in the profession…

In an effort to align state special education law with federal legislation under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004, Pennsylvania has adopted Chapter 14 special education regulations. Chapter 14 is designed to ensure that every student with a disability is afforded a free and appropriate public education designed to provide…

The need to verify the competencies purported to be developed by individuals completing a program designed to prepare supervisors of special education led to surveying 29 Pennsylvania Directors of Special Education who were asked to rate successful first year supervisors of special education on 40 competencies. Results indicated the eight roles…

An exploratory study examined the job and life satisfaction of a sample of 32 female entrepreneurs residing in the tri-state area of Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. To compare the entrepreneurs' concepts of life and job satisfaction to those of women in more traditional occupations, researchers also studied a sample of 32 female nursing…

To address the professional needs of principals and other middle management supervisors, school boards might consider meet-and-discuss sessions, a middle ground between unilateral board action and collective bargaining. Sessions are nonbinding, produce better decisions, confront root causes of job dissatisfaction, and can strengthen the management…

Analysis of the responses to telephone and personal interviews by 21 teacher supervisors from six school districts in Pennsylvania revealed three possible patterns of direct supervision of teachers. "Nominal" supervision consists of voicing compliance with statutory requirements for observation of teaching, a clear focus on identifying…

In this bulletin, the author shares his observations on the status of art education in America. The study for this report is based upon the writer's own contacts in the education and industrial world and upon returns of a questionnaire which was sent to leading art educators, directors, supervisors, and teachers throughout the country. The author…

Because of the individual authority of each State for its own educational program, practices and policies differ widely among them in many respects. Yet in the midst of differences there are also common elements of development. The U. S. Office of Education, in presenting this series of monographs, has attempted to point out those common elements,…

A Pennsylvania Department of Education 1979 evaluation of the long-term educational grant program provided for in the Social Security Act 1975 Amendments is described. Interview schedules were developed and administered to supervisors and students working in Title XX agencies on effects of the just completed educational experience on job…

THIS STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN BY THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING STUDIES, CONTINUING EDUCATION, THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, (A) TO DETERMINE THE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION NEEDS OF MANAGERS IN MUNICIPALITIES AND SUPERVISORS IN CITIES IN PENNSYLVANIA, (B) TO SUGGEST METHODS OF MEETING THESE NEEDS, AND (C) TO INDICATE THE ROLE OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES…