U.S. public university system policies were examined to learn how credit hours were determined for asynchronous online education. Findings indicated that (a) credit hour meaning and use are not consistent, (b) primary responsibility for credit hour decisions was at the local level, and (c) no policies exist to guide credit hour application for…

In the first decade of the 21st century, the nation, the states, and colleges and universities began to grapple with the challenges of globalization, changing demography, the implications of the digital era, and of a less expansive public sector. Although not a transformative period for higher education, the decade saw significant innovations in…

To increase the supply of modularized instructional materials to meet the need for preservice and/or inservice education of professional vocational educators, the National Center for Research in Vocational Education and seven interested states organized in 1978 a Consortium for the Development of Professional Materials for Vocational Education. To…