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Lord, Kathleen M.; Noel, Andrea M.; Slevin, Bridgette – Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 2016
This study examined the 4th-grade National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) assessments (history, geography, and civics) and 3rd- and 4th-grade social studies standards from nine randomly selected states and organized the content around three global concepts (conflict, movement, discovery) and six specific concepts (war, rebellion,…
Descriptors: Social Studies, National Competency Tests, Common Core State Standards, Grade 4
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Manoli, Constantinos C.; Johnson, Bruce; Dunlap, Riley E. – Journal of Environmental Education, 2007
The authors revised and validated the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) Scale for use with upper elementary students. Researchers use the NEP Scale extensively with adults, but it was not designed for children. Interviews with 5th grade students helped the authors revise the NEP Scale for use with children. The authors spent 2 years validating the…
Descriptors: Models, Measures (Individuals), Grade 5, Test Validity