The usefulness of Western approaches to postsecondary educational change in three developing nations (Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the Philippines) is examined, and it is concluded that while Western approaches are applicable under the new conditions in these countries, they must be adapted to the countries' political, institutional, and cultural…

A recent shift in allocation of public resources away from elementary and secondary education to higher education in Pakistan is criticized as not cost-effective, unjustified, inefficient, and inappropriate public policy. Issues of equity and privatization and the impact of the current student loan system are considered. (Author/MSE)